4 Best Management Practices In Cultivation
4 Best management practices in cultivation that involves selection, propagation and protection. And seed sowing or planting seedlings in appropriate season.
In agriculture, cultivation is the process of growing plants (crops) on arable land. It is usually associated with large scale agriculture, as opposed to small scale gardening. Minimum requirement for crop cultivation are soil, water and seed.
Cultivation involves seed sowing and planting seedlings in appropriate season. In the process of cultivation , a farmer is often required to prepare the land (tillage) for sowing and planting, apply manures/fertilizers, control weeds, crop pests and diseases, irrigate the field and ultimately harvest the crop.
Cultivation is the management of both the crop and environment in which the crop is grown. crops and cultivars selection aims at highest yield and quality under a given set of environmental conditions. Tillage, water and nutrient and weed management and plant protection aims at minimizing biophysical constraints and to produce the environment that will allow the crop to realize its productive potential. The primary management practices in cultivation involves:
Selection
Selection of that crop and cultivar best adapted to ensure a high probability of a satisfactory yield if the required product.
Propagation
Propagation through optimum tillage, nutrient application and water management to ensure ideal conditions for sowing and feeding the crop.
Protection
Protection from the competition for the primary resources by weeds and direct or indirect reduction in yield potential by pests and diseases.
Crop Yield
Crop productivity or yield refers to the utilizable part of the plant, which is not the same in every crop, is always than the total biological production. Crop yield is function of more complex set of interacting variables than in primary biological production in unmanaged ecosystem. These include:
- The environmental conditions under which the crop is grown.
- The yield potential of particular cultivar.
- The crop and the environment management for minimizing environmental constraints leading to highest yield potential of the crops.
Cop yield is highly variable both spatially and temporarily due to two main causes:
The negative biological factors (weeds, pests, and pathogens) and weather (light, temperature and soil moisture). Agriculture in tropics is characterized by low intensity and near subsistence farming systems. The input levels or high yielding cultivars are correspondingly very low. Subsequently, crop yield is more dependent on natural environmental condition than in more intensively farmed areas of the world. Five major determinants of yield are:
- The yield potentials of cultivars used.
- The available soil moisture during crop period.
- The productive potential of the soil.
- The level of weed competition.
- The intensity of pest and disease infestation.
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