Classification Of Crop Plants
Classification of crop plants from agronomic point of view. grain crop, legumes, oil seeds crop, fiber crop, forage crop, sugar crop, root crops, medicinal and aromatic pants.
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| Classification Of Crop Plants |
A crops is the annual or season's yield of any plant that is grown in significant
quantities to be harvested as food, fodder, fuel or for any other economic
purpose. The crops plants, derived from wild progenitors through selection and
breeding, have characteristics of particular agronomic value as against
survival characteristics in the wild progenitors. The value of a crop is
dependent on its ability to produce a larger amount of useful material than its
wild progenitor. While the wild or uncultivated plants require environmental conditions
that will ensure successful regeneration, the crop plant or cultigen need those
which will allow a high probability of a satisfactory and relatively consistent
yield of the harvestable parts for which it has been specifically cultivated.
In the highly domesticated species, the symbiotic relationship with
human-beings is such that a few would survive in the wild without his
protection.
Crop plants are classified in a number of ways. From agronomic point of view, crops are classified as:
Crop plants are classified in a number of ways. From agronomic point of
view, crops are classified as:
·
Cereals or grain crop: This group includes rice, wheat, barley, oats, pearlmillet,
finger-millet, sorghum, mazie etc.
·
Legumes: It includes pulse crop such as gram, pigeonpea ,greengram, blackgram,
soybean, peas, cowpea, horsegram, lentil etc.
·
Oilseeds crop: Groundnut, mustard, sunflower, sesame, safflower, castor,
rapeseed etc constitute this group.
·
Fiber crop: This group includes cotton, flax, jute, mesta and sunhemp.
·
Forage crop: This group mainly include grasses and legumes such as sorghum,
elephant grass, guinea grass, berseem, lucerne and other pulse crops.
·
Sugar crops: the two important crops are sugarcane and crops.
·
Root crops: sweet potato and cassava are significant in this group.
·
Tuber crops: potato and elephant yam are important.
·
Drug crops: Tobacco is common crop of this group in India.
·
Plantation crop: Tea, coffee and coconut are important.
·
Condiments and spices: important crops are cardamom, pepper, chilies,
turmeric and ginger
·
Medicinal and aromatic plants: This group subdivided into two-medicinal
crops such as cinchona, isabgol, opium poppy, senna, belladonna, rauwolfia,
lycorice and aromatic plants such as lemon grass, citronella grass, palmarosa, Japanese
mint, peppermint, rose, geranium, jasmine, henna, etc.
Another simple classification could be:
·
Filed crops such as cereals, millets and pulses.
Cereals derived from ceres, the goddess of grain, are the most important
crops in terms of area occupied and production. Cereals comprises the small
grains (wheat, rice, barley, rye, oats)and large or coarse grains (maize, sorghum,
millet). collectively, these provide over 50 per cent of world's energy and protein
needs and occupy two-thirds of the cultivated land. Importance of cereals is due
to their relatively high nutritive value (10-20 per cent protein),ease of
cultivation, storage and transport, wide environmental adaptability and their
early maturity.
After cereals, seed legumes are the most widely cultivated crops in both temperate
and tropical altitudes .They have three common features: They produce seeds in fruits(pods).
That is, the legume which has given its name to the group, they produce hard
and relatively large seeds (pulses) with protein as main storage compound and
nearly all can fix atmospheric nitrogen in their roots. Three most important
seed legume crops producing food are soyabean, field bean and groundnut. In
contrast to cereals, legumes are rich in lysine, but low in sulphur containing
compounds .
The third group of food crops are the roots and tubers, the bulky organs
with more than 75 per cent water that limits storage. Of these, potato is a
basic item of diet in all the temperate countries. Sweet potato and cassava are
the most widespread of tropical tubers.
The other food crop in the top twenty is sugarcane, the harvested part
being the stem for its sugar content. Sugar beet, a new crop is well adapted to
environmental conditions for sugar extraction comparable to those of potato. The
industrial crop that rivals the major food crops in extent is cotton , the most
important fiber producing plant. Other of this group include flax , hemp and
sisal.
Good
Thampi C.J. Dr.
I would like to suggest Innovative approach is the order of the present and future. World is moving towards Bio-economy and Agriculture has to play a vital role. Present Agricultural crops may be grouped under BIO-AGRICULTURAL Groups Cereals, Oilseeds etc. In the present classification in vogue there is no place for crops like COCONUT PALM which provides Food (oil) and Industrial Products (Fibre [coir] industry). This calls for a new agricultural classification “Bio-Industrial Group” which will encompass both Biological and Industrial potential for more than one application. Placing crops in the wrong Agricultural Groups is highly detrimental to the development of the crop. Coconut palm is classified by ICAR “oil crop of horticultural origin” . This has led to the complete neglect of quality and quantity of coconut “HUSK” mesoderm of coconut fruit and thereby today coconut palm variety wise coconut fibre study is eighty years behind other natural fibres of the …
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